More Than Global Warming

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Churning motions inside the Sun produce various kinds of waves, including sound waves called p-modes and another type of wave called g-modes. G-modes arise when pockets of material rising up from deep within the Sun get pulled downwards again by gravity, leading to a wave motion similar to the rise and fall of waves on the surface of the ocean. Both types of waves vibrate very slowly. The p-modes vibrate with periods of a few minutes, while the periods of g-modes are even longer, lasting tens of minutes or even several hours.